The two men confessed to kidnapping Till but were acquitted of murder charges by an all-white, all-male jury after barely an hour of deliberations. After assisting in the Underground Railroad out of Missouri and engaging in the bloody struggle between pro- and anti-slavery forces in Kansas in the 1850s, Brown grew anxious to strike a more extreme blow for the cause. a new treaty agreement that relocated the Plains Indians to reservations in Oklahoma. On February 23, 25-year-old Ahmaud Arbery was killed while out on a run after being followed by three white men in a pickup truck. C) In the 1850s, many free African Americans from the north became ranchers. Jacksons continued influence in the Democratic Party in the decades that followed ensured that African American issues had an important role in the partys platform. Which economic practice helps motivate companies to keep prices low and improve product quality? According to the Court, Congress had no constitutional power to deprive persons of their property rights when dealing with enslaved people in the territories. What negative impact did gold and silver mining have in the West? The Southern Pacific Railroad contributed to the growth of cities including San Francisco and Los Angeles In the same time period, the number of Black people serving in Congress increased from six to about 40. Since most of these events were televised, the people of America saw what happened when they were beaten. by economic cooperation and joint political action, The failure of reforms designed by the United States to help Native Americans was primarily a result of. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. The brutal scene was captured on television, enraging many Americans and drawing civil rights and religious leaders of all faiths to Selma in protest. Which of the following contributed most to the trend shown on the chart? President Theodore Roosevelt, 1901 The march was intended to bring about a kind of spiritual renewal among Black men and to instill in them a sense of solidarity and of personal responsibility to improve their own condition. Four days after Parks arrest, an activist organization called the Montgomery Improvement Associationled by a young pastor named Martin Luther King Jr.spearheaded a boycott of the citys municipal bus company. (1 point) A) During the Civil War, many African Americans went west to work on railroads. In 2013, Patrisse Cullors, Alicia Garza, and Opal Tometi formed the Black Lives Matter Network with the mission to eradicate white supremacy and build local power to intervene in violence inflicted on Black communities by the state and vigilantes.. . D.only in the north US under Union control The railroads provided jobs for settlers. What effect did vagrancy laws have on African Americans? After the bill passed the Senate by an exceedingly narrow margin in early April, it was thought that the increasingly conservative House of Representatives, wary of the growing strength and militancy of the Black Power movement, would weaken it considerably. As white southerners gradually reestablished civil authority in the former Confederate states in 1865 and 1866, they enacted a series of laws known as the Black Codes, which were designed to restrict freed Black peoples activity and ensure their availability as a labor force. After beating the boy, they shot him to death and threw his body in the Tallahatchie River. What factor best accounts for the price change in the Model T automobile? To capitalize on the sit-in movements increasing momentum, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was founded in Raleigh, North Carolina in April 1960. The success of conservative politicians that yearincluding Richard Nixons election as president and the third-party candidacy of the ardent segregationist George Wallace, who won 13 percent of the votefurther discouraged African Americans, many of whom felt that the tide was turning against the civil rights movement. After Malcolms death, his bestselling book The Autobiography of Malcolm X popularized his ideas, particularly among Black youth, and laid the foundation for the Black Power movement of the late 1960s and 1970s. After his retirement from the military in 1993, many people began floating his name as a possible presidential candidate. The ILGWU was notable because it was. The practice of collective bargaining became more common. [It] is evident [obvious] that the state, and if necessary the nation, has got to possess the right of supervision and control as regards the great corporations which are its creatures; particularly as regards the great business combinations [corporations] which derive [develop] a portion of their importance from the existence of some monopolistic tendency [desire for no competition]. Agreeing to the treaty meant accepting a more stationary life, and relying on government-supplied subsidies. regulating railroad rates to help farmers. Thanks to the campaign of nonviolent resistance championed by Martin Luther King Jr. beginning in the late 1950s, the civil rights movement had begun to gain serious momentum in the United States by 1960. The right should be exercised with caution and self restraint; but it should exist, so that it may be invoked if the need arises. Which innovation does the photograph illustrate? With the aid of the NAACP, Meredith filed a lawsuit alleging that the university had discriminated against him because of his race. B. They were unwilling to give up the minimal gains that had been made during the war. READ MORE: How a New Deal Housing Program Enforced Segregation. When I ran for the Congress, when I ran for president, I met more discrimination as a woman than for being Black. C? How did Gustavus Swift's introduction of refrigeration to the meat packing industry change food and ranching in the United States? 2,000 10,000 200,000 *** 1 million 2. How is Judith Templeton depicted? During the Civil War, many African Americans went west to work on railroads. In 1949, he testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee to discuss the appeal of Communism to Black Americans, surprising them with a ferocious condemnation of the racial discrimination embodied by the Jim Crow segregation laws of the South: The white public should start toward real understanding by appreciating that every single Negro who is worth his salt is going to resent any kind of slurs and discrimination because of his race, and hes going to use every bit of intelligenceto stop it. Between 1860 and 1890, the miles of railroad track interlacing the U.S. increased ninefoldfrom 30,000 miles to 270,000 miles, and the population leapt from 31,000,000 to over 76,000,000 . which policies might have made the Dawes Act more successful? Plessy vs. Ferguson stood as the overriding judicial precedent in civil rights cases until 1954, when it was reversed by the Courts verdict in Brown v. Board of Education. What industry's decline would hurt the southern economy the most? In what way did the nation's growing transportation system help promote economic growth? gave equal voting rights to all abolished slavery *** ended the use of poll tax outlawed school segregation 3. by economic cooperation and joint political action. The years immediately following the construction of the transcontinental railroad were years of astounding growth for the United States. Many western territories began to apply for statehood between the 1860s and 1900. Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? D.Vicksburg At the time, interracial marriage was illegal in Virginia and the newly-wed couple was guilty of breaking the law. African. Most were middle or upper class. The term Black lives matter was first used by organizer Alicia Garza in a July 2013 Facebook post in response to the acquittal of George Zimmerman, a Florida man who shot and killed unarmed 17-year-old Trayvon Martin on February 26, 2012. What is an example of how Radical Republicans sought to achieve their goals? Kings death opened a huge rift between white and Black Americans, as many Black people saw the killing as a rejection of their vigorous pursuit of equality through the nonviolent resistance he had championed. regulating railroad rates to help farmers. Which idea does this passage express? C. They increased an owners control over enslaved African, A. D. The laws required that, The laws allowed African Americans to be arrested unfairly. He divided his forces into several groups and headed out. How is the poem an analogy? . Based on information in the graph, what was one factor in the 1894 Pullman Strike? Amidst the civil rights movement, ACLU lawyers Bernard S. Cohen and Philip J. Hirschkop decided to take on the couples case. No one knows where they areperhaps freezing to death. These hard workers rode alongside the huge herds in good and bad weather. B.Gettysburg D. Jackie Robinson, a sharecroppers son from Georgia, joined the Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro American League in 1945 after a stint in the U.S. Army (he earned an honorable discharge after facing a court-martial for refusing to move to the back of a segregated bus). By 1940, peanuts had become the second cash crop in the South. By an 81 majority, the Court upheld a Louisiana law that required the segregation of passengers on railroad cars. Harris' election represented another advance in the slow but steady progress Black Americans have made in recent decades in gaining a greater foothold in political leadership, particularly in the U.S. House of Representatives and in the Cabinets of recent presidents. Based on this selection, which policy would the Populist Party be mostly likely to support? Lasting roughly from the 1910s through the mid-1930s, the period is read more, The New York City neighborhood of Harlem was the center of a cultural explosionfrom late 1910s through the mid-1930s. His son, Jesse L. Jackson Jr., won election to the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois in 1995. In 1900, garment workers organized the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union (ILGWU). By the early 1970s, SNCC was effectively disbanded. The Southern Pacific Railroad contributed to the growth of cities including San Francisco and Los Angeles. The case eventually made its way to the Supreme Court, where a majority of members decided on June 12, 1967, that laws banning interracial marriage were unconstitutional. A. One of its most eloquent voices was William Lloyd Garrison, a crusading journalist from Massachusetts, who founded the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator in 1831 and became known as the most radical of Americas antislavery activists. When once we encourage such a system, it is equivalent to admitting our incompetency [inability] for self-government and our inability to seek better conditions. . Thank God Almighty, we are free at last! READ MORE:Follow the Freedom Riders' Journey Against Segregation. What workers' issue most prompted protest in this era? Those effortsincluding a nationwide protest of D.W. Griffiths silent film Birth of a Nation (1915), which glorified white supremacy and the Ku Klux Klanwould continue into the 1920s, playing a crucial role in drastically reducing the number of lynchings carried out in the United States. Sharecropping is a type of farming in which families rent small plots of land from a landowner in return for a portion of their crop, to be given to the landowner at the end of each year . Steelworkers turned millions of tons of iron into steel for tracks and engines. 4.The Union victory at Antietam allowed Lincoln a position ins trength. In 1868, many Lakota leaders agreed to a treaty that created a large reservation in the western half of present-day South Dakota. On May 18, 1896, the U.S. Supreme Court issued its verdict in Plessy v. Ferguson, a case that represented the first major test of the meaning of the 14th Amendments provision of full and equal citizenship to African Americans. Oliver Brown, the lead plaintiff in the case, was one of almost 200 people from five different states who had joined related NAACP cases brought before the Supreme Court since 1938. Du Bois met at Niagara Falls, Canada, sparking a new political protest movement to demand civil rights for Black people in the old spirit of abolitionism. At its most basic level, the act gave the federal government more power to protect citizens against discrimination on the basis of race, religion, sex or national origin. Groups of Lakota left reservations after the banning of the Ghost Dance, and soldiers killed many of them at Wounded Knee. As his success and fame grew, Robinson began speaking out publicly for Black equality. How does Shailas attitude toward Judith change during the course of the story? What event or characteristic of the Industrial Revolution does this painting illustrate? Though leaders such as George Washington and Thomas Jeffersonboth slaveholders from Virginiatook cautious steps towards limiting slavery in the newly independent nation, the Constitution tacitly acknowledged the institution, guaranteeing the right to repossess any person held to service or labor (an obvious euphemism for slavery). Explain why Lincoln's assassination put the future of the nation in question. Du Bois, became a leading voice in the growing Black protest movement during the first half of the 20th century. The total number of dead at wars end was 620,000 (out of a population of some 35 million), making it the costliest conflict in American history. What general principle was established with the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision? In May 1961, CORE sent seven African Americans and six white Americans on a freedom ride on two buses from Washington, D.C. The landmark verdict reversed the separate but equal doctrine the Court had established with Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), in which it determined that equal protection was not violated as long as reasonably equal conditions were provided to both groups. Which factor best accounts for the price change in the Model T automobile? Among the prominent figures are Madam C.J. In the wake of the Bakke verdict, affirmative action continued to be a controversial and divisive issue, with a growing opposition movement claiming that the so-called racial playing field was now equal and that African Americans no longer needed special consideration to overcome their disadvantages. In what way did the nation's growing transportation system help promote economic growth? Which of the following can best be inferred from looking at this map? c. White males who, A. A federal court struck down this act, and four of the nine students returned, under police protection, after the schools were reopened in 1959. How did the transcontinental railroads impact the West? The date and the story of the enslaved Africans have become symbolic of slaverys roots, despite captive and free Africans likely being present in the Americas in the 1400s and as early as 1526 in the region that would become the United States. In Regarding the Pain of Others, Susan Sontag says of war, We do not and cannot imagine what it was like, how dreadful or terrifying it was, how normal it becomes. How might Sadiq be regarded as a response to Sontags statement? Sitting Bull did feel bound by the 1868 Treaty, which he did not sign. On February 21, 1965, during a speaking engagement in Harlem, three members of the NOI rushed the stage and shot Malcolm some 15 times at close range. What caused many boomtowns to turn into ghost towns? 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