Path is a keyword in karate. This video explain how to do UI Automation using Karate DSL.If you like this video please do subscribe to my channel and keep watching ! function() { For convenience, a null value will be ignored. In some rare cases you need to exit a Scenario based on some condition. You may have to rely on unit-testing frameworks or integrate additional dependencies. In normal programming languages, global variables are a bad thing, but for test-automation (when you know what you are doing) - this can be really convenient. You simply roll your own. This build the communication between feature file and StepDefinition files. Use either the param keyword, e.g. Some XPath expressions return a list of nodes (instead of a single node). Keep in mind that these are tests (not production code) and this config is going to be maintained more by the dev or QE team instead of the ops or operations team. Especially when payloads are complex (or highly dynamic), it may be more practical to use contains semantics. We suggest that you have a folder hierarchy only one or two levels deep - where the folder names clearly identify which resource, entity or API is the web-service under test. Since a SOAP request needs special handling, this is the only case where the method step is not used to actually fire the request to the server. # note how we return null to keep looping, """ You can add (or over-ride) variables by passing a call argument as shown above. By default, all actions such as click() will not be re-tried - and this is what you would stick to most of the time, for tests that run smoothly and quickly. """, # * match cat == { name: '#ignore', type: '#regex . Example: Set the HTML form-element value. 2. downloadLatestFn('custom_latest.png') Other errors could be a java.net.URISyntaxException and match not working as expected because of special or foreign characters, e.g. JsonPath and Karate expressions are not supported. Note that url and request are not allowed as variable names. Behind the scenes, this sets the HTTP communication read timeout. The listenResult magic variable will hold the value passed to the call to karate.signal(). When you use a JUnit runner - after the execution of each feature, an HTML report is output to the target/karate-reports folder and the full path will be printed to the console (see video). Format of the trustStore file. Multi-values are supported the way you would expect (e.g. note that this cannot be dynamic (with in-line variables) so. Dont forget to leave a comment below! { a And as a testing framework, Karate discourages tests that give different results on every run. Valid options are, Resemble option to ignore a specific color, Resemble option to override preset tolerances for color and brightness, SSIM grayscale algorithm. Teams typically define complicated JSON (or XML) payloads in a file and then re-use this in multiple scripts. If you really need to have an empty body, you can use an empty string as shown below, and you can force the right Content-Type header by using the header keyword. Given this custom, user-defined Java class: This is how it can be called from a test-script via JavaScript, and yes, even static methods can be invoked: Note that JSON gets auto-converted to Map (or List) when making the cross-over to Java. The Cucumber JSON format can be also emitted, which gives you plenty of options for generating pretty reports using third-party maven plugins. Think of it as just like waitFor() but without the wait part. Note that there is a top-level config flag for headless mode. Heres a reminder that running any single JUnit test via Maven can be done by: Where CatsRunner is the JUnit class name (in any package) you wish to run. karate.set('temp', squares); As a short-cut, when running JsonPath expressions - $ represents the response. It can be used instead of waitForUrl() and you can still perform a page URL assertion as seen below. Note the inline use of the read function as a short-cut above. If the request is for /api/*, the first Scenario matches - else the last one is a catch all. } Karate Framework for web automation. Note that def can be used to assign a feature to a variable. This is useful because the moment you use a wildcard [*] or search filter in JsonPath (see the next section), you get an array back - even though typically you would only be interested in the first item. In some rare cases where you dont want to auto-convert JSON, XML, YAML or CSV, and just get the raw string content (without having to re-name the file to end with .txt) - you can use the karate.readAsString() API. useful to scrape text out of non-JSON or non-XML text sources such as HTML, like the above, but returns a list of text-matches. A variation where the argument is JSON instead of a URL / address-string, used typically if you are testing a desktop (or mobile) application. common.feature. And thats all there is to Karate configuration ! Even Java interop and access to the karate JS API would work. Please refer to the wiki: Distributed Testing. This means that you cannot use any Karate JS objects or API-s such as karate.get() or driver.title. And you can even chain a retry() before the waitForUrl() if you know that it is going to take a long time: This is very convenient to use for the first element you need to interact with on a freshly-loaded page. Simple arrays of strings or numbers can be stripped of duplicates using karate.distinct(). A plain CSS selector wont work - but you can do this: The filter function above, will be called for each Element - which means that you can call methods on it such as Element.attribute(name) in this case. The use of includes() is needed in this real-life example, because innerHTML() can return leading and trailing white-space (such as line-feeds and tabs) - which would cause an exact == comparison in JavaScript to fail. First the JavaScript file, basic-auth.js: And heres how it works in a test-script using the header keyword. Karate does not attempt to have tests be in natural language like how Cucumber tests are traditionally expected to be. We need to use assertion to validate the response data. Valid options are, Function to be called when displaying image comparison rebase in Karate HTML reports (e.g. The function argument is the row-index, so you can easily determine when to stop the generation of data. What this means is that it can be chained as you expect. Since replace auto-converts the result to a string, make sure you perform type conversion back to JSON (or XML) if applicable. Note: In POST API request, we have to provide the body (payload). If you get stuck trying to align the search path, especially if the origin is a small chunk of text that is aligned right or left - try near(). A header row is always expected. Yes, you can modify the request or response if needed ! You have to repeat the Examples section for each tag. scriptAll() can take a third argument which has to be a JavaScript predicate function, that returns a boolean true or false. But this time, the return value from the call step will be a JSON array of the same size as the input array. It can look something like this. 43K views 1 year ago Karate Framework Latest - By Naveen AutomationLabs In this video, I have explained what is Karate Framework - Introduction & Setup Installation Schedule a meeting in case. And similarly - for specifying the HTTP proxy. If you want to perform API testing but you dont have knowledge of any programming language then you should choose Karate framework to perform API testing. Karate framework is developed by Peter Thomas employed at Intuit. The BDD syntax popularized by Cucumber is language-neutral, and easy for even non-programmers. It will default to { browserName: '' } for convenience where will be chrome, firefox etc. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. We configure cors = true to ensure that the browser does not complain about cross-origin requests. Example: Get the HTML form-element value. Observe how the value of the field being validated (or self) is injected into the underscore expression variable: _. Comprehensive support for different flavors of HTTP calls: You can easily choose features and tags to run and compose test-suites in a very flexible manner. This means that even when you have dynamic server-side generated values such as UUID-s and time-stamps appearing in the response, you can still assert that the full-payload matched in one step. Once you get a result, you typically use it to set global variables. What is even more interesting is that expressions can refer to variables: And functions work as well ! Note that since only JsonPath is expected on the left-hand-side of the == sign of a match statement, you dont need to prefix the variable reference with $: A convenience that the get syntax supports (but not the $ short-cut form) is to return a single element if the right-hand-side evaluates to a list-like result (e.g. By default, the value of karate.env when you access it within karate-config.js - would be null. """, * configure imageComparison = { onShowConfig, # don't embed the image comparison UI when the latest image is the same / similar to the baseline (e.g. For convenience, Karate assumes by default that the executable name is playwright and that it exists in the System PATH. return sdf.format(date); This does the same thing as the timeout key in the driver config - but is designed so that you can change this on the fly, during the flow of a test. squares.push(foo(n)); On the other hand, if you are expecting a variable in the Background to be modified by one Scenario so that later ones can see the updated value - that is not how you should think of them, and you should combine your flow into one scenario. One pattern you can adopt is to create a factory method that returns a Java function - where you can easily delegate to the logic you want. Example: Get the HTML element attribute value by attribute name. One extra convenience for JSON is that if the variable itself (which was cat in the above example) does not exist, it will be created automatically. function(s) { Re-use can sometimes result in negative benefits - especially when applied to test-automation. You can replace the values of com.mycompany and myproject as per your needs. As a convenience, cookies from the previous response are collected and passed as-is as part of the next HTTP request. Karate is flexible, you can easily over-write config variables within the Java or JUnit runner - which is very convenient when in dev-mode or rapid-prototyping. But if you really need to use the HTTP response code in an expression or save it for later, you can get it as an integer: Note that match can give you some extra readable options: The response time (in milliseconds) for the current response would be available in a variable called responseTime. Step 1: Create a feature file under src > test > java folder. Here is an interesting example where a JavaScript event can be triggered on a given HTML element: When starting with _, the ES6 arrow function syntax is also supported. This does require you to move set-up into a separate *.feature (or JavaScript) file. The example below combines this with the advanced features described above. For Gradle, you simply specify the test which is to be include-d: The big drawback of the approach above is that you cannot run tests in parallel. Once defined, you can refer to a variable by name. Note the extra convenience where you dont have to enclose the LHS key in quotes. you can use pure JsonPath expressions (notice how this is different from the above), # and even append to json arrays (or create them automatically), # and for match - the order of keys does not matter, # you can ignore fields marked with '#ignore', # you can even set whole fragments of xml, """ { subType: { name: 'Smith', deleted: false } Note that the karate-config.js is re-processed for every Scenario and in rare cases, you may want to initialize (e.g. Note that forcing Scenario-s to run in a particular sequence is an anti-pattern, and should be avoided as far as possible. One very convenient aspect of configure driverTarget is that if in-scope, it will over-ride any configure driver directives that exist. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. Make sure that the batch file is made executable depending on your OS. = . But note that ##null can be used to represent a convention that many teams adopt, which is that keys with null values are stripped from the JSON payload. The Karate project team is of the opinion that things can be made simpler. This provides the following methods: In any complex testing endeavor, you would find yourself needing common code that needs to be re-used across multiple test scripts. Multiple fields can be set in one step using multipart fields. EndPoint: https://www.kloia.com/ blog?page=2, Given url https://www.kloia.com/ Look at how the path did not need to be specified for the second HTTP get call since /cats is part of the url. When you use Karate, all your data assertions can be done in pure JSON and without needing a thick forest of companion Java objects. You can also compare images using Karate path prefixes (e.g. But this totally makes sense for things not part of the main test flow and which typically need to be re-usable anyway. Emulating a device is supported natively only by type: chrome. Since a scroll() + click() (or input()) is a common combination, you can chain these: This returns an instance of Mouse on which you can chain actions. There is also a variant of Scenario called Scenario Outline along with Examples, useful for data-driven tests. It is based on Cucumber and uses the Gherkin Syntax. Note that locate() will fail the test if the element was not found. API testing basics and Karate framework 2. It is worth mentioning that to do the equivalent of the last line in Java, you would typically have to traverse 2 Java Objects, one of which is within a list, and you would have to check for nulls as well. You can use callonce instead of call within the Background in case you have multiple Scenario sections or Examples. This means that you can combine them to concisely express certain types of intent - without having to repeat the locator. Read the documentation of the stand-alone JAR for more - such as how you can even install custom command-line applications using jbang ! And yes, you can use variable expressions from karate-config.js. The contents of my-signin.feature are shown below. The BDD syntax with Cucumber is launguage neutral, and easy for even non-programmers. We will use this page: https://www.seleniumeasy.com/test/dynamic-data-loading-demo.html - as an example. And you can consider a driverTarget approach for complex needs such as using a Docker container for CI. The default is 30000 (30 seconds). Karate Framework Test Automation Made Simple. Soumendra Daas has created a nice example and guide that you can use as a reference here: hello-karate. Everything to the right of the assert keyword will be evaluated as a single expression. This is sometimes needed to slow down keystrokes, especially when there is a lot of JavaScript or security-validation behind the scenes. results : null; The responseCookies variable is set upon any HTTP response and is a map-like (or JSON-like) object. For example, once you run the couple of Docker commands to get Zalenium running, you can do this: Note that you can add showDriverLog: true to the above for troubleshooting if needed. This turns out to be very useful in practice, and this particular match jsonArray contains '#(^partialObject)' form has no in-line equivalent (see the third-from-last row above). The advantage of this approach is that it works with any of the actions. "/Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome", "C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome", 'justinribeiro/chrome-headless', showDriverLog, :9222 --security-opt seccomp=./chrome.json justinribeiro/chrome-headless, 'Microsoft.WindowsCalculator_8wekyb3d8bbwe!App', # waitForEnabled() returns an "Element" instance, waitFor('input[name=query]').input('karate-logo.png'), # if you want to get the actual url for later use, "function(e){ return e.innerHTML == 'APPEARED!' This is typically combined with multipart file as shown below. Make sure you call go() at the end - if the last method in the chain is not click() or up(). multipart file. A URL remains constant until you use the url keyword again, so this is a good place to set-up the non-changing parts of your REST URL-s. A URL can take expressions, so the approach below is legal. A handler function is needed only if you have to ignore some incoming traffic and stop the wait when a certain payload arrives. When JavaScript executes in Karate, the built-in karate object provides some commonly used utility functions. Here is an example: Rarely used, but when you want to just instantiate an Element instance, typically when you are writing custom re-usable functions, or using an element as a waypoint to access other elements in a large, complex tree. If you are behind a corporate proxy, or especially if your local Maven installation has been configured to point to a repository within your local network, the command below may not work. created: { on: "#ignore" }, The classpath is a Java concept and is where some configuration files such as the one for logging are expected to be by default. Karate uses LOGBack which looks for a file called logback-test.xml on the classpath. Example: In an application testing if we are login the application in each scenario then we can put the login scenario under background. Because of how easy it is to set HTTP headers, Karate does not provide any special keywords for things like the Accept header. This method returns a boolean (true or false), perfect for asserting if an element exists and giving you the option to perform conditional logic, or manually fail the test. Here is an example of using a CSV file as the request-body: Karate provides a flexible way to compare two images to determine if they are the same or similar. The argument can be provided after the function name, without parentheses, which makes things slightly more readable (and less cluttered) especially when the solitary argument is JSON. And this example may make it clear why using Karate itself to drive even your UI-tests may be a good idea. Karate framework follows the Cucumber style of writing the program which follows the BDD approach. {2}', id: '#uuid' }, # convenient (and recommended) way to check for array length, # here we enclose in round-brackets to preserve the optional embedded expression, # so that it can be used later in a "match", """ "a": 1, Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. Since XML is represented internally as a JSON-like or map-like object, if you perform string concatenation when printing, you will not see XML - which can be confusing at first. You can even chain a submit() to wait for a page load if needed: Since moving the mouse is a common task, these short-cuts can be used: These are useful in situations where the normal click() does not work - especially when the element you are clicking is not a normal hyperlink () or . Note that even the scenario name can accept placeholders - which is very useful in reports. Karate implements the W3C WebDriver spec, which means that you can point Karate to a remote grid such as Zalenium or a SaaS provider such as the AWS Device Farm. For example, where it is easy (or you already have a reference) to locate some element and you want to use that as a base to perform something on some other element which may not have a unique id or css / XPath locator. Note how JS functions defined at run-time can be mixed with custom Java code to get things done. And if you do this within a Background: section, it would apply to all Scenario: sections within the *.feature file. And with Karate expressions, you can dive into JavaScript without needing to define a function - and conditional logic is a good example. If you dont pass a handler (or it is null), the first message is returned. You can get really creative and use JS functions to filter data for different needs. Just like script(), but will perform the script eval() on all matching elements (not just the first) - and return the results as a JSON array / list. They are param, header, cookie, form field and multipart field. Might be desirable instead of, useful to brute-force all keys and values in a JSON or XML payload to lower-case, useful in some cases, see, functional-style map operation useful to transform list-like objects (e.g. Herea table of the alternative in-line forms compared with the standard form. As a convenience, you can call a tag directly, which is a short-cut to call another Scenario within the same feature file. And if you have a Scenario Outline, this happens for every row in the Examples. For more details check this link- Embedded Expression. And JSON arrays would become Java List-s. To use Playwright, you need to start a Playwright server. a named JsonPath or XPath expression - e.g. We recommend that you get comfortable with this because it is going to save you lots of time. If you mix Karate into a Maven or Gradle project with many other dependendies, you may run into problems because of dependency conflicts. Sending GET, POST, PUT, PATCH and DELETE requests via Karate framework 3. String interpolation will support variables in scope and / or the Examples (including functions defined globally, but not functions defined in the background). Note that for very complicated projects you can consider using a Maven profile so that testing-related dependencies dont collide with your development-time dependencies. This will give you the usual HTML report showing what features will be run, including all steps shown (including comments) so that it can be reviewed. Since templates can be loaded using the classpath: prefix, you can even re-use templates across your projects via Java JAR files. Both the official Visual Studio Code and IntelliJ plugins support step-through debugging of Karate tests. """, Then match each json.hotels contains { totalPrice, #? And it is worth mentioning that the Karate configuration bootstrap routine is itself a JavaScript function. {}, """ Here is a recap of symbols that can be used in JSON embedded expressions: There is a shortcut for match each explained in the next section that can be quite useful, especially for in-line schema-like validations. In real-life scripts, you would typically also use this capability of Karate to configure headers where the specified JavaScript function uses the variables that result from a sign in to manipulate headers for all subsequent HTTP requests. Note that the path resets after any HTTP request is made but not the url. Ideally it should return pure JSON and note that you always get a deep clone of the cached result object. Native data types mean that you can insert them into a script without having to worry about enclosing them in strings and then having to escape double-quotes all over the place. But use wisely, because called scripts will now over-write variables that may have been already defined. Since the karate object is injected within karate-config.js on start-up, it is a simple and effective way for other processes within the same JVM to pass configuration values to Karate at run-time. You can still perform string comparisons such as a match contains and look for error messages etc. A stand-alone example can be found here: examples/image-comparison along with a video explanation. The match keyword is explained later, but it should be clear right away how convenient the table keyword is. The .graphql and .gql extensions are also recognized (for GraphQL) but are handled the same way as .txt and treated as a string. There are 2 variants, one that takes an integer as the param, in which case the frame is selected based on the order of appearance in the page: Or you use a locator that points to the