Melanin, the What, the Why and the How: An Introductory Review for Materials Scientists Interested in Flexible and Versatile Polymers. Print length 103 pages Language English Publisher Lushena Books Publication date It was demonstrated that the melanin produced by fungus Lachnum singerianum YM296 significantly inhibited the formation of lipid peroxidation products and slowed down the aging process, elevating the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase and decreasing the level of malondialdehyde in mice liver and brain homogenate and serum, suggesting that this pigment could be used as a new anti-aging drug [109]. neuromelanin. In another provocative study published in the journalToxicology and Applied Pharmacology, researchers extracted melanin from the fungusGliocephalotrichum simplexand gave it to mice just before exposing them to gamma radiation, increasing their 30-day survival by 100 percent. Whereas most other biomolecules experience a destructive form of oxidative damage as a result of radiation exposure, melanin remained structurally and functionally intact, appearing capable of producing a continuous electric current that could theoretically be used to produce metabolic energy in living systems. Melanin is a substance in the skin that produces skin pigmentation. Other dermocosmetic applications of melanins include the use of the pigment for hair dyeing and the development of novel strategies for hair recoloration [150]. Studies have shown that the media composition and cultivation conditions affect the pigment production in fungi and the manipulation of these parameters can result in an increase in pigment yield for large-scale pigment production. From the ink of the octopus to the protective colorings of bacteria and fungi, melanin offers protection against a variety of biochemical and predatory threats and chemical stressors, and, most famously, acts as a photoprotective factor againstultraviolet radiation. The study performed by [114] showed that the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene decreased and lower levels of cytokines, such as IL-12 and TNF-, were observed when activated macrophages were incubated with melanized cells of the Fonsecaea monophora fungus. on the Internet. If tyrosine is the precursor, it is first converted to L-dopa and then dopaquinone. Studies have shown that it is possible to use melanin as an ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared absorbing pigment in opthalmic devices, protective eyewear, windows, packaging material, umbrellas, canopies, and other similar media suitable for providing protection from radiation [139, 140]. Carbon and nitrogen are necessary for cellular metabolism, and these sources are related to the formation of biomass, the type produced pigment, and the yield of the desired substance. Revitalise Your Life Through Absurdity Therapy, Meditation, Yoga, Grounding & Mindfulness, REGENERATE: Unlocking Your Bodys Radical Resilience Through The New Biology, The New Biophysics of Energy Synthesis: How the Body Harvests Natures Alternative Energy Sources to Power Cellular Pathways, Build Resilience, and Promote Our Evolutionary Edge, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2004.tb03325.x, https://doi.org/10.2174/1871524915666150203093656, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2008.03.038, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2015.01.032, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.11.020, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000457, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioelechem.2011.04.009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2012.08.002, International Journal of Human Nutrition and Functional Medicine, Why Some Scientists Resist the Evidence for Psi, Why Daily Greens are the Real Fountain of Youth, The Power of Peppermint: 15 Health Benefits Revealed. 1: the Great Oracle of Tehuti and the Egyptian System of Spiritual Cultivation by Ra Un Nefer Amen A. Kunwar et al., Melanin, a Promising Radioprotector: Mechanisms of Actions in a Mice Model,Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology264, no. Studies have demonstrated that the promoting or repressing effect of a nitrogen source on pigment production is strain dependent. Addeddate 2018-06-15 13:47:24 Identifier MelaninWhatMakesBlackPeopleBlackByLlailaAfrikaPDF Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t6zw89t9z Ocr ABBYY FineReader 11.0 (Extended OCR) WebThe book features nearly all unknown secrets. The Pineal gland is the first gland developed in your body, and appears in homo-sapiens a mere 3 weeks after conception. This chapter presents a comprehensive discussion of the research on fungal melanin, including the recently discovered biological activities and the potential use of this pigment for various biotechnological applications in the fields of biomedicine, dermocosmetics, materials science, and nanotechnology. 20. Humans with lighter skin tones may have gained vitamin D accessibility at the expense of the ability to convert sunlight into metabolic energy. The A. auricula melanin displayed inhibitory activity on biofilm formation of the three bacterial strains, E. coli K-12, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, and P. fluorescens P-3, and there was a proportional reduction in biofilm biomass with the increase in pigment concentration. We observed that, in the presence of 0.2% corn steep liquor, an increase in the pigment production occurred, while a high yield of biomass was obtained at a concentration of 2%. - Except for Top Supporter Exclusive ContentAnd My Undying Gratitude!!! But this evolutionary adjustment may have come at a significant cost. 2 (April 1961): 440-41,https://doi.org/10.2307/1932103. Hydroxylation (and decarboxylation) yields dihydroxyindoles, which can polymerize spontaneously to form DOPA-melanin [10, 27, 97]. Therefore, the pigmented biomass of the MEL1 mutant may be considered as a promising biosorbents for removal/recovery of the rare earth elements from wastewater due to the presence of the melanin increase significantly metal complexing capacity, improving the efficiency of biosorption process [157]. 3 (May-June 2001): 3-12. It has been reported that substances acting as antioxidants protect cells from ROS-mediated DNA damage, which can result in mutation and subsequent carcinogenesis. Want to read. 1 (August 2011): 69-73,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioelechem.2011.04.009. Melanins present interesting optoelectronic properties, such as high optical absorption in the UV-Vis range, good transmission electronic, and ionic conductivity appreciably, pointing this biomaterial as a promising active component in organic electronic devices with low environmental impact [118, 121, 125127]. 5 (May 2015): 421-28,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2015.01.032. 19. Melanin pigment extracted from several fungal species has shown the ability to scavenge free radicals (reactive nitrogen and oxygen species), becoming a potential natural antioxidant. web pages This is one example among several that challenge the widely held assumption that animals are incapable of directly utilizing light energy.18. According to Dr Timothy Moore In humans, melanin is the primary determinant of skin and hair colour *Address all correspondence to: sponchia@iq.unesp.br. In M. ruber, the use of glutamic acid as a nitrogen source showed promising results, either as stimulating the accumulation of extracellular pigments or contributing to increase the efficiency of the pigment production process [45]. A further dehydration step leads to the intermediate 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN), which is polymerized to DHN-melanin, possibly by a laccase enzyme [10, 13, 27]. Access to Any Private Q&A Livestream With Me! Genres History. The ability to use melanin to absorbelectromagnetic radiationand utilize its energy to dissociate the water molecules in our bodies (producing what Gerald Pollack says amounts to a light-energy driven proton pump)22may have reduced the energy expenditure required for hunting and foraging food. 16. This book could save your life! These advances allow to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the various biological functions of melanin [22]. 21. Access to Any Private Q&A Livestream With Me! As explained in a paper published inMedical Hypothesesby retired medical practitioner Iain Mathewson, new research on low-level light therapy, also known as photobiomodulation, may explain the immediate benefit conferred by hairlessness, as it shows that exposure to the red and near-infrared radiation found at sunset increases mitochondrial respiratory chain activity and results in extra synthesis of ATP in all superficial tissuesites, including those of the brain.21Under Mathewsons hypothesis, a random mutation for hairlessness occurring in one of our African forebearers millions of years ago would have conferred an immediate survival advantage over her hairy relatives by enabling her body, especially her brain, to access the red and near-infrared wavelengths generated by ancient sunsets. Comparison of the catecholamines L-dopa, methyldopa, epinephrine, and norepinephrine shows differences in term of color, yield, and thickness of the cell wall melanin layer. [13]. It was assumed that melanin pigments, participating in redox reactions, are able to perceive the energy of radiation (UV, visible light, and radiation) and convert it into useful reducing power for metabolic processes. As melanin has characteristics of functional materials and bioorganic, a growing number of researchers in the fields of materials science and organic electronics see the melanin with great interest, taking advantage of their properties for applications in organic electronic devices. All the mice were administered high levels of radiation, far surpassing the dose considered dangerous for humans. 100% Health cracked, 100% Universal Laws (operating here cracked, how to take advantage), In 100% describes Biblical Law of Jesus Christ which operates in this reality and leads Melanin is a biological molecule associated with pigmentation in humans and animals. 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