Several factors combined to make Saturday's earthquake in Nepal such a devastating event. S. K. BANERJI . Wesnousky, S. G., Kumahara, Y., Chamlagain, D., & Neupane, P. C. (2019). Duvall, M., Waldron, J. W. F., Godin, L., & Najman, Y. Gutenberg, B., & Richter, C. F. (1954). Paleoseismic evidence of great surface rupture earthquakes along the Indian himalaya. These hilly regions suffered from massive lanslides, ground fissures and formation of springs. National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, You can also search for this author in The ground around these sand fissures subsided, causing more damage. It is unlikely that these are the only times that the area was shaken and further similar studies are likely to be of great value. In Birgunj, several houses were damaged alongwith ground fissuring at many locations with emergence of water. Nandy D R, Choudhury A K, Chakraborty C and Narula P L 1993 Geological Survey of India, Bihar-Nepal earthquake, August 20, 1988; Spec. The following is a summary of the sueeches. Jamhoor, Aligarh: Champion of Democratic Values, , - -. The country is one of the 20 most threatened countries in the world. 85 1-14. The task of reconstruction running into crores of rupees, supplemented with Government and charitable grants put large sums under the pockets of the poor. Ratna Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, Nepal (136 p). Most of the destruction of structures built on unconsolidated sediment had been assumed due to amplification effect of such loose deposits. Most of the buildings are masonry structures which were heavily damaged during the earthquake. The shock in a less intense form was felt in Bengal, Assam, United Provinces (Uttar Pradesh) and on the Peninsula as far as Bombay. 1250). ), Historical disaster experiences, transcultural researchHeidelberg studies on Asia and Europe in a global context (p. 241266). Ambraseys, N., & Douglas, J. J. 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC at 08:43 January 15, 1934 UTC Location: Epicenter at 26.885, 86.589 19.2 km from Lahn (12.2 miles) Nepal India Border . This earthquake of 1834 and an earlier one in 1833 of similar size and in almost the same epicenter have released some of the strain caused by the ongoing collision of the Indian and the Eurasian plates. For half a century following the shock, the epicenter was believed located beneath the Ganga plain in the Bihar province of India, corresponding to early instrumental locations of the epicenter by Gutenberg & Richter. Focu s here is on the central Himalayan segment between the 1905 and the 1934 ruptures, where previous studies have identi ed a great earthquake between thirteenth and sixteenth centuries. Geological society (Vol. January 1934 at Bihar, Nepal with a magnitude Mw of 8.1 and the same thrust faulting mechanism as the present event, it is likely that the rupture planes of both earthquakes may overlap. To his credit Mr. Salim has more than 400 published articles on history, politics, culture and literature in English and Hindi. Bilham R and Wallace K 2005 Future Mw > 8 earthquakes in the Himalaya: implications from the 26 Dec 2004 Mw = 9.0 earthquake on Indias eastern plate margin; Geol. Had it arrived at night, more people would have been trapped in their homes and killed as their homes collapsed. the Kinnaur earthquake (1975), Dharam . In: Survey of India Geodetic Report 1936, (eds). Disasters In the light of the increased population today, compared with 1934, the death toll would likely be 22,000 and the number of injured 25,000. The epicentre for this It shook an area half a million square miles in extent in Nepal and Tibet. Singh D D and Gupta H K 1980 Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent; the Bihar- Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934 and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935; Bull. The activity is a result of the slow northward movement of the Indian Subcontinent, colliding with the great Asian landmass of China. Roads were tom and alignments were changed. Geophysical Research Letters. (Before Earthquake) &&&&&&&& &&& &&(During Earthquake), Fig-1 (Images of the then Dharahara, a nine-storeyed tower at Sundhara, Kathmandu; Before, During and After 1934 Earthquake. Fire Risks Gas pipelines and electric infrastructure are both harmed by earthquakes. which caused irreparable damage to human structures. Copyright 2023 Devastating Disasters.com | Powered by, Bihar Earthquake India January 15, 1934. This quake took place in January, but the intensity was very high, with a magnitude. Damage to a man-made structure. Wesnousky, S. G., Kumahara, Y., Nakata, T., Chamlagain, D., & Neupane, P. (2018). Active faulting south of the himalayan front: Establishing a new plate boundary. (1984). On Monday the 15th January 1934 Calcutta experienced an earthquake shock of fair intensity which lasted for over three minutes. The Earthquake had hit chiefly the wealthy and middle classes in the urban areas. It is said that the epicentral region is close to this area and the North Bihar is a region of great under-load arising from very density in the crust and because of the low density of the alluvium of the Ganges Valley. As it was felt that what was needed after the Earthquake that the drainage of the sub-soil water should be properly guided the Tirthut Waterways Division came into being. Great detachment earthquakes along the himalayan arc and long-term forecasting. [5] In Rajnagar, near Madhubani, all the Kutcha buildings collapsed. Revolutions happen, The two atomic bombings from Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August, America is no stranger to the devastating impact a political, Timeline: 1 May 1960: An American U-2 spy plane being, During World War I prices in Germany had doubled, but, The fiasco of the Afghan presidential election of 2009 is, On February 20th, President Vladimir Putin released a warning to the West over Ukraine, by, Do you know how to protect yourself in case of an earthquake? Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute (tokyo Imperial University), 13(2), 426. Princeton University Press. (2016) Tectonic summaries of magnitude 7 and greater earthquakes from 2000 to 2015, USGS Open-File Report 2016-1192. It was the worst that ever occurred in that country. Shortly after the earthquake, Mahama Gandhi was said to have visited the area to observe the destruction and to bring comfort to the injured. The impact was reported to be felt in. Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent; the Bihar-Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934 and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935. (Following is a reproduction of the account written by P.C Roy Choudhury). The quake was felt at far-off places such as Kanpur (440 km south-east from the Surv. Even in Bihar province, affected parts were northern and central areas. A.. With the 7.8-magnitude earthquake hitting Turkey this Monday. [3], The epicentre for this event was located in eastern Nepal about 9.5km (5.9mi) south of Mount Everest. Lave, J., Yule, D., Sapkota, S. N., Basant, K., Madden, C., Attal, M., & Pandey, R. (2005). 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC 8.0 magnitude, 15 km depth Lahn, Eastern Region, Nepal 8.0 magnitude earthquake 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC at 08:43 January 15, 1934 UTC A glaring example of distortion was seen in the screw pile bridge at Champanagar where the central piles moved south, downstream, as much as 7 feet 8 inches but remained more or less vertical. Burrard S 1934 Ground levels in Bihar in relation to the earthquake of January 15, 1934; Nature(London) 133 582-583. A brief report has also been written by Mr. N. Nasu (Bull. Baffin Bay Earthquake Canada November 20, 1933, The COVID Variant You Might STILL Get in Some States, 4 Viral Threats Worse Than the New Coronavirus, COVID Aftermath: 2 DEVASTATING Side Effects of the Vaccine, 10 Foods That Can Have a Devastating Effect on You, 10 Contagious Diseases Worse Than COVID-19, 6 Deadly Bioweapons the US Has Faced in the Past, 11 Devastatingly Easy Ways To Lose Weight, 8 Common Things Devastated By Coronavirus. Yeats R S, Nakata T, Faraj A, Fort M, Mirza M A, Pandey M R and Stein R S 1992 The Himalayan frontal fault system; Ann. Around 4.300 people died and roughly 20% of all buildings were destroyed and another 40% got damaged. Brett (1935) reported 7253 deaths in Bihar.After the earthquake John Auden (brother of the poet laureat W.H. In few cases, buildings were subsided by 3-4 feet too. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Leveling in Bengal and Bihar, 9397. Journal of Earth System Science. Bull. Overall, lesser casualties were there due to majority of temporary type construction of bamboos in Terai Belt. Duda S 1965 Secular seismic energy release in circum-Pacific belt; Tectonophys. Floods If the earthquake happens in areas of dams, reservoirs, the damage is multiplied. The North Bihar Earthquake, 1934. Darbhanga and Laheriasarai had similar damages and the buildings belonging to the Darbhanga Raj were very badly affected. Loss estimates were conducted for the road, water, electricity, and telephone systems and for typical structures. In G. J. Schenk (Ed. Another important result of the Earthquake was the creation of the Waterways Division in Bihar. Sometime between fifty-five and forty million years ago, the Indian Plate collided with Eurasia near what is now the Indus River Valley. Paleoseismological evidence of surface faulting along the northeastern himalayan front, India: Timing, size, and spatial extent of great earthquakes. Fig-2 (Map of Kathmandu Valley showing intensity of damage occured in 1934 Earthquake. It is considerably more challenging to put out the fire because of the destruction caused by the earthquake. The first was its basic . The earthquake had removed many antiquated buildings and was directly responsible for the construction of numerous modern buildings, roads and bridges in which cement, steel and reinforced concrete played an important role. Nepals only international airport would be inaccessible. 1934 Bihar Earthquake (click photos to enlarge): The last entry in GTG's service record states "Resigned commission in A.I.R.O. 1a, b) and PGA-European Macroseismic Scale (EMS, Grnthal 1998) relation. Everest. Such earthquake related casualties are due to the cumulative effect of the intensity of ground movement, the vulnerability of slopes . The estimated economic loss due to this quake is placed at around Rs.22,000 Crores. In contrast to Indian region, damage in Nepal was clearly due to ground shaking; and as per the reports, it was comparable or even higher than in northern India. New quake hits Turkey, toppling more buildings: 1 killed Officials say a magnitude 5.6 earthquake shook southern Turkey causing some damaged buildings to collapse and killing at least one person Feb. 25, 2023, 9:00 AM ET (AP) Turkey launches investigation into 612 people after quake 1939) that described its effects in India in detail but which contains scant information on the effects above the rupture area north of the Nepal border. In addition, possible death and injury figures were estimated by looking at statistics from previous comparable earthquakes in other parts of the world. Mitigation Measures for Earthquakes in India Roads and lands were fissured out at many places with emergence of water & sands too. Part of Springer Nature. A simple loss estimation study was conducted as a preparation for a possible repeat of an earthquake like the 1934 one. Res. Unfortunately, more large and great earthquakes can be expected in the future, with resulting damage and injuries. The buildings of Darbhanga Raj, including the famous Navlakha Palace, were severely damaged. ), Survey of India geodetic report, 1936. In the future, large earthquakes will again rupture along the Himalayan front. Impact Summary; Earthquakes of the Indian Subcontinent pp 159171Cite as, Part of the GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences book series (GEPS). The intensity of ground shaking depends on the duration, local geology, and distance. The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasa to Mumbai, and from Assam to Punjab. Springer, Singapore. Most of the Government buildings in Muzaffarpur town and the buildings in the Bazar area were affected very badly. Bihar Earthquake, 1934. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. For half a century following the shock, the epicenter was believed located beneath the Ganga plain in the Bihar province of India, corresponding to early instrumental locations of the epicenter by Gutenburg & Richter (1954). India Memoir. Seismic instruments of that period were adequate to measure the magnitudes and properties of earthquakes smaller than magnitude 6 or so, but were not sensitive to the longer wavelengths and periods of great earthquakes such as the Bihar event. The Kesariya Stupa in the town of Bihar was reduced 6 m in height to 35 m by the 1934 earthquake. Devastatingdisasters.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. An M6.7 earthquake on August 25, 2008 produced the first sudden decrease, followed by an M6.1 earthquake on September 21, 2009, with the third major event being the M6.9 event on September 18, 2011. The earthquake shocks of magnitude 5 to 6 have been recorded in the Garhwal region in 1803, 1809, 1816, 1966, But after the extensive study on the damages in Nepal conducted by Nepali Officers too and based on the evidences compiled by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher, later it was relocated within Nepal. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. Nature (London), 582583. Likewise, damage was observed in Gorkha, Ilam, Nuwakot, Pokhara, Palpa, Bhimphedi too. Palaeoliquefaction evidence of prehistoric large/great earthquakes in north Bihar, India. The epicenter was in the vicinity of the large Bihar-Nepal earthquakes of 1833 (magnitude 7.0-7.5) and 1934 (magnitude 8.4). In Sitamarhi, not a single house was left standing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-016-9554-z. 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